indus water treaty

 The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) is a water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank and signed in 1960. It's considered one of the most successful international water treaties, even surviving multiple wars and prolonged periods of tension between the two nations.

 Key Points:

- Rivers Involved: The treaty concerns the six rivers of the Indus river system: the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.

  

-Allocation:

  - Western Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab — allocated to Pakistan.

  - Eastern Rivers: Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej — allocated to India.

- india’s Rights:

  - India can use the Western rivers for non-consumptive uses such as irrigation, hydropower generation, and navigation, as long as it does not alter the flow significantly.

- Dispute Resolution Mechanism:

  - Includes bilateral negotiations, a Neutral Expert appointment, and if necessary, arbitration by a Court of Arbitration.

Significance:

- The treaty has been hailed as a model of water cooperation, especially given the complex and often hostile relations between India and Pakistan.

- In recent years, especially after terrorist attacks allegedly linked to Pakistan-based groups, India has threatened to review or suspend aspects of the treaty.